KATHMANDU, Nepal — The Nepal Parliament building is a striking mix of old and new: a sprawling structure of steel and concrete capped off by a two-tier pagoda. But last week, its white walls were covered in soot and graffiti. "You picked the wrong fight," reads one message, signed: "Gen Z."

It's the fallout of the most dramatic upheaval the Himalayan country has experienced in years — where in less than 48 hours, protesters forced the overthrow of the government.

Nepal's government is only the latest in South Asia to be overthrown by protesters, and it underscores the profound generational change shaking the world's most populous region and testing governments' ability to meet their citizens' expectations.

The turmoil in Nepal began in earnest on Sept. 8, when police in the capital Kath

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