Obesity is no longer just a matter of aesthetics or personal choice — it is a deepening global public health challenge. Over the past decades, rates of overweight and obesity have soared across countries, across urban and rural divides, in high-income and low-income regions. What was once seen as a problem of developed nations is now firmly in the developing world’s grip too.

At its core, obesity means an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, causing a health risk. It is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, certain cancers, and a host of other chronic conditions. The World Health Organization and countless national health agencies now regard obesity as one of the key drivers behind non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which st

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