The U.S. government shut down much of its operations just after midnight on Wednesday, Oct. 1 as Congress and the White House remain deadlocked on reaching a funding deal, setting off what could be a long, grueling standoff impacting millions of Americans and federal services.

The shutdown has already delayed the release of a closely watched September employment report and is expected to slow air travel, suspend scientific research, withhold pay from U.S. troops, and lead to the furlough of 750,000 federal workers at a daily cost of $400 million.

How long have U.S. government shutdowns lasted?

Over the last five decades, and as of Oct. 1, there have been 22 federal shutdowns. The longest government shutdown, which lasted 35 days, occurred from December 2018 to January 2019 due to an impasse with Congress and the Trump administration over funding for a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border.

  • 1976: Under President Gerald Ford. Lasted for 11 days.
  • 1977: Under President Jimmy Carter. Lasted 12 days.
  • 1977: Under Carter. Lasted eight days.
  • 1977: Under Carter. Lasted eight days.
  • 1978: Under Carter. Lasted 17 days.
  • 1979: Under Carter. Lasted 11 days.
  • 1981: Under President Ronald Reagan. Lasted two days.
  • 1982: Under Reagan. Lasted one day.
  • 1982: Under Reagan. Lasted three days.
  • 1983: Under Reagan. Lasted three days.
  • 1984: Under Reagan. Lasted two days.
  • 1984: Under Reagan. Lasted one day.
  • 1986: Under Reagan. Lasted one day.
  • 1987: Under Reagan. Lasted one day.
  • 1990: Under George H.W. Bush. Lasted four days.
  • 1995: Under President Bill Clinton. Lasted five days.
  • 1996: Under Clinton. Lasted 21 days.
  • 2013: Under President Barack Obama. Lasted 17 days.
  • 2018: Under President Donald Trump. Lasted three days.
  • 2018: Under Trump. Lasted several hours.
  • 2019: Under Trump. Lasted 35 days and cost the economy about $3 billion, equal to 0.02% of GDP, according to the Congressional Budget Office.
  • 2025: Under Trump. Started on Oct. 1, 2025.

Contributors: USA TODAY's Zac Anderson, Joey Garrison and Bart Jansen; Reuters

This story has been updated with new details.

This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Latest timeline of US government shutdowns over last 50 years

Reporting by Terry Moseley, USA TODAY / USA TODAY

USA TODAY Network via Reuters Connect