On Tuesday, steps away from the 80th session of the UN General Assembly in New York City, TIME hosted a panel to discuss how AI is transforming systems to address global challenges.

When asked by TIME Executive Editor Nikhil Kumar about the government’s role, Justina Gallegos, a former deputy director in the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy, argued that its responsibility lies in setting the guardrails of innovation, ensuring the safety of broad communities, and fueling clean energy solutions. “Ninety-six percent of everything that came online last year was clean energy and that's spurred by fundamental investments from the government,” Gallegos explained.

Chris Walker, Director of Sustainability at Amazon Web Services (AWS), emphasized that the private sec

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