China's new global talent visa, known as the K visa scheme, is facing significant criticism. Many are concerned that it may hinder Chinese nationals' access to the competitive domestic job market. The K visa is aimed at attracting international workers in science and technology fields. It is available to applicants aged 18 to 45 who possess at least a bachelor's degree in STEM disciplines from recognized institutions. While the program officially opened on Wednesday, details regarding its duration, cost, and a list of eligible universities have yet to be released.

The announcement has sparked a heated discussion on social media, particularly on Weibo, where hashtags related to the K visa have trended. Some users expressed strong opposition, with one commenting, "Once Pandora's box is opened, it will lead to endless trouble. China doesn't need these undergraduates! K visas are completely unnecessary!" A report from Zhaopin, a leading private recruitment platform in China, revealed that only 55.5% of university graduates found employment in 2024. Critics fear that an influx of foreign workers could exacerbate the challenges faced by domestic graduates in securing jobs.

Previously, applicants were required to have a job offer in China before applying for a work visa. The new K visa is seen as a way to simplify the process for foreign talent, eliminating the need for a workplace sponsor. However, some question whether this implies that Chinese science graduates are less qualified than their international counterparts.

Supporters of the K visa argue that it will create a pathway for high-quality STEM talent to contribute to China's research and innovation efforts. Experts have noted that China is facing a significant talent gap, projected to reach 30 million in key manufacturing sectors by 2025. An article in a state-run newspaper addressed public concerns, stating that the K visa is intended for young talent from prestigious institutions and is not aimed at low-skilled labor.

Dr. Lu Fengming, an assistant professor at the Australian National University, explained that the backlash against the K visa is understandable given the current economic climate in China. He noted, "They fear that the influx of migrants may encroach upon the interests of local residents." Additionally, he pointed out that China's historical national identity, which is often dominated by a single ethnic group, contributes to public resistance against the K visa program.

Racist comments targeting non-Chinese migrants, particularly those from India, have surfaced on social media amid the debate. In response to the growing concerns, the People's Daily emphasized the need for skilled talent to support China's economic growth.

Yu Fenghui, an independent economist, stated that well-managed immigration policies could create new opportunities for China rather than threaten the local job market. He emphasized the importance of establishing a transparent framework for policy implementation. Dr. Lu suggested that the K visa's introduction is part of China's strategy to compete with the United States for top global talent, especially in light of recent U.S. immigration policy changes.

China's declining birth rate poses a long-term challenge for its labor market. The National Bureau of Statistics reported that the total number of births in 2024 was 9.54 million, marking a decline in population for three consecutive years. Dr. Lu noted that expanding the admission of high-productivity immigrants is a strategic necessity for the Chinese government.

Despite the K visa's potential benefits, experts warn that China's immigration system has not fully adapted to accommodate international workers. Dr. Lu highlighted challenges such as cultural integration and language barriers, particularly for those looking to start businesses in China.

Yu emphasized that while the K visa aims to attract global talent, it does not indicate that China will become an immigrant nation. He noted that the country must continue to improve its policies and regulations to meet evolving societal needs. The National Immigration Administration, which oversees immigration policy, is still developing its approach to managing these changes. Dr. Lu cautioned that if public opposition to the K visa grows too strong, sustaining the policy in the long term could become difficult.

The National Immigration Administration of China has been contacted for further comment on the K visa program.