SYDNEY — As much of the global space community gathered to discuss exploration and cooperation, one theme emerged: how the rest of the world is adapting to changes in policies, budgets and leadership at NASA.

The International Astronautical Congress (IAC) held here this week was the first opportunity for many leaders of space agencies, including those closely allied with the United States, to meet with NASA’s acting administrator, Secretary of Transportation Sean Duffy, and hear how changes at the agency could affect their plans.

Leading into the conference, NASA and Duffy emphasized U.S. leadership in space, almost aggressively. “Follow along this week to see how we’re ensuring American dominance in space,” Duffy posted on social media before the start of IAC.

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