As plastic waste clogs rivers, kills marine life and threatens human health, many leaders of countries, communities and forward-looking companies are working on ways to stem the tide of plastic pollution .

After years of talks for a global treaty on plastic waste , the negotiations have bogged down with sessions this summer and late last year both ending in stalemate and frustration.

However, while international efforts sputter, a growing movement is gaining steam at the subnational level as U.S. states and Canadian provinces adopt Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) programs to hold accountable the companies that put plastic packaging into the marketplace.

"For far too long, the burden and cost of waste management has been placed on local governments and consumers and citizens,"

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