Nine advanced AI models have successfully passed all three levels of the notoriously rigorous Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) exam — an assessment that typically demands 1,000 hours of study from human candidates — according to a new study released this week by New York University’s Stern School of Business and AI wealth management platform GoodFin. Advertisement

The CFA exam, administered by the CFA Institute and widely regarded as a premier credential in the investment management field, challenges candidates across three escalating levels of difficulty. While AI passed the first two multiple-choice sections in previous studies, the essay-heavy Level III — focused on portfolio management and wealth planning — had remained a major hurdle until now.

The latest findings confirm that mod

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