The atrocious attack on a community of peaceful Jewish worshippers at a synagogue in Manchester yesterday shocked us all. But it was also the predictable outcome of converging trends that British society has either ignored or failed to stop.

Since 7 October 2023, extremist organisations such as Isis and al Qaeda have repeatedly called for violence against Jewish communities in Europe. Isis even published an article called ‘Practical steps to fight the Jews’ in its al-Naba outlet that encouraged attacks on synagogues in Europe.

This is not passive propaganda but a deliberate framing of Jewish people as complicit in foreign conflicts, followed by explicit calls for violence – often by lone actors who are far harder to detect.

These messages do not circulate in a vacuum.

They are ampl

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