Talking about radicalisation is in vogue — a bit late, but now prevalent amongst the policy circles in Pakistan. Beyond the scope of my article today as it is, the debate around radicalisation in Pakistan revolves around the usual suspects: madrassas, mosques or foreign funding. Yet, in today's Pakistan, extremism doesn't always walk out of a seminary gate. Increasingly, it scrolls out of a phone screen. TikTok, YouTube and Encrypted Chat groups are quietly shaping ideological landscapes — not through overt terrorist propaganda, but through the logic of algorithms that prioritise engagement above all else.

A teenager in Multan clicks on a religious lecture, and within weeks his feed can be awash with content that grows progressively harder, angrier and more exclusionary. He didn't go look

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