Nothing is more unsettling than having to question the foundational values of the Republic of India. Reflecting on the precarity of being Muslim in today’s India shakes the core of my long-held belief that this land, with its pluralist promise, has space for all its children.

This precarity reflects a growing sense of insecurity, marginalisation, and vulnerability experienced by millions of Muslims across India’s socio-political and cultural landscape. For centuries, Muslims have been integral to India’s fabric, shaping its language, music, food, architecture, politics, and history. Yet, in recent years, a marked shift is obvious. Rising Hindutva nationalism, targeted policies, and communal rhetoric have eroded safety, belonging, and equal citizenship for India’s 200 million Muslims.

In

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