Alphabet Inc.’s Google has spent the past week in Virginia federal court seeking to persuade a judge that selling off its advertising exchange is too risky, technologically difficult and would disrupt the market.

Over the past five days, witnesses testifying on Google’s behalf said that a forced sale would upset a business worth $15.9 billion in revenue, according to U.S. estimates for 2025 by research firm Emarketer, create ripples of uncertainty across the market, degrade service for the smallest online publishers and scare away potential buyers.

The trial is focused on how to restore competition to the technology that underpins the display advertising business controlled by Google after Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled in April that the company had an illegal monopoly in two markets — the

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