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DR AKHTER RASOOL

The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to three scientists who unraveled a fundamental biological mystery: how our bodies avoid turning on themselves.

Drs. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi were jointly honored “for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance,” the process that keeps the immune system’s powerful arsenal in check. Their work, conducted over three decades, identified a specialized class of cells—and the genetic master switch that controls them—that act as indispensable peacekeepers within the human body.

“They solved the question of how we can live in peace with ourselves,” said Dr. Eva Hellmer, Chair of the Nobel Committee, in the announcement. “T

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