A decade ago, swadeshi meant khadi and handicrafts. This Diwali, it looks very different: a family SUV rolling off a Pune assembly line, an iPhone 17 assembled in Bengaluru, or a Philips airfryer ‘Made in India’.

As tariffs and geopolitics create an environment of uncertainty, Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his speeches has urged Indians to embrace swadeshi this festive season, saying “India’s biggest adversary is dependence on other nations”.

Diwali sales are expected to cross an all-time high of Rs 4.75 lakh crore this year, driven largely by Indian-made goods.

The new GST reforms, aimed at supporting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), have further encouraged the shift toward Indian-made products. Praveen Khandelwal, secretary general of the Confederation o

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