The governments of Estonia and Ukraine are racing ahead to harness artificial intelligence, which they believe is crucial to building societies that can fend off Russian assaults—whether by missiles or denial-of-service attacks.

At Oct. 9’s Tallinn Digital Summit ,, Estonian Prime Minister Kristen Michal said the country aims to sit “among world leaders in AI,” a technology he said is “shaping the future of democracy, the global order, and our shared security.”

The sentiments are hardly unique, but they’re the latest expression of the aggressive digital modernization pursued by Tallinn since a Russian cyberattack that took essential services offline in 2007.

“Estonia knows what it means to live on the digital frontline. AI gives us an advantage that size alone cannot. This is why we

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