Written by Santosh Kumar Dash and Vachaspati Shukla

In recent years, evidence has shown a decline in India’s education quality. Studies, including the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), highlight gaps in foundational learning. The 2022 ASER report revealed that nearly 50 per cent of grade 5 students couldn’t read a simple grade II text. This is worsened by systemic challenges such as teacher shortages and teachers overloaded with administrative duties. A 2020 government survey noted a shortage of over 10 lakh teachers, with many also managing government schemes, diverting attention from teaching.

How do parents, concerned about their children’s education, respond to these challenges? Many turn to private tuition. Over the years, the prevalence of private tutoring has been increa

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