Over the past three decades, Muslim representation in the Bihar Assembly has consistently fallen short of the community’s share in the state’s population. Data from eight elections since 1990 show that while Muslims account for 17.7% of Bihar’s 13.07 crore population, their average presence in the legislature has been only around 8%. The highest representation, 9.87%, was recorded during the 2015 and February 2005 elections, while the lowest was just 5.55% in 1990. In the 2020 elections, 19 Muslim MLAs were elected—most from the RJD, followed by AIMIM and Congress—making up 7.81% of the 243-member House. The JD(U), despite fielding 11 Muslim candidates that year, failed to secure a win. For the upcoming 2025 polls, major parties have again limited Muslim nominations: the RJD has fielde

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