Persistent inflammation of the endometrial mucosa is known as chronic endometritis (CE). This condition is characterized by the microscopic identification of plasma cells in the endometrial stroma. Numerous bacteria, primarily gram-negative and intracellular (such as Enterococcus faecalis, Mycoplasma, ureaplasma Chlamydia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus spp.), have been associated with the development of CE, but some cases of abacterial CE are described.

Although frequently asymptomatic, women with CE often complain of vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Furthermore, multiple studies have shown women with primary infertility, recurrent implantation failure (RIF), and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) to have a higher prevalence of CE compared to t

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