In artificial intelligence, compute and data matter, but people matter more. Behind every breakthrough model, every infrastructure leap, and every “revolutionary” chatbot lies a shrinking pool of scientists, engineers, and mathematicians capable of building them. The defining constraint on the next decade of AI isn’t just hardware: it’s human capital.

Across the world, a quiet arms race is unfolding for that capital. The most advanced AI firms, like OpenAI, Anthropic, DeepMind, Meta, Google, and a few in China, are no longer competing just for customers or GPUs. They are competing for brains.

The new concentration of intelligence

In the past two years, the hiring and acquisition patterns of AI companies have begun to resemble a geopolitical map. Anthropic and OpenAI lure entire research

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