What really causes autism: Symptoms, causes, early signs, and detection

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterised by distinctive patterns of social communication, behaviour, and sensory processing. Its rising global prevalence, estimated at one in 36 children, has prompted intensive research into its biological and environmental foundations. According to an analysis published in Brain Research Bulletin , autism arises from intricate interactions between genetic vulnerabilities and environmental exposures during early neurodevelopment. These converging influences shape the formation of neural networks and affect how the brain processes information. Understanding the underlying causes and recognising the earliest behavioural signs remain critical to enabling timely diagnosis, effective intervention, and info