Sonbhadra, the second-largest district in Uttar Pradesh, has some of the lowest spenders in the state, with rural consumption in the district just Rs 2,337 per month in 2022-23 – almost half that of rural Gautam Buddha Nagar. Meanwhile, in urban areas of Gautam Buddha Nagar district, which houses the city of Noida and is part of the Delhi National Capital Region, the monthly per capita consumption expenditure is almost Rs 10,000 — by far the highest of any district in Uttar Pradesh. In contrast, residents of urban Ballia, Uttar Pradesh’s easternmost district, spent just Rs 2,575 per month.

The findings are the result of a pilot study by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), which used data from the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) for 2022–23 to a

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