In a landmark judgment reinforcing advocate–client confidentiality, the Supreme Court has ruled that investigating officers cannot directly summon lawyers representing accused persons or those who have given legal opinions, unless the summons falls within specific statutory exceptions and is approved by a superior officer of at least the rank of superintendent of police (SP). The three-judge bench comprising chief justice BR Gavai, justice K Vinod Chandran and justice NV Anjaria delivered the verdict on 31 October 2025 in a suo motu writ petition related with summoning advocates who give legal opinion or represent parties during the investigation of cases and related issues. "...we dispose of the suo motu case, setting aside the summons issued in the SLP (Crl.) No. 9334 of 2025

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