What we call kidneys are two bean-shaped organs – each the size of a fist. They aid in producing urine by cleaning excess and waste from the blood. When facing kidney disease, it means the damaged kidneys cannot effectively filter blood.

Serious kidney problems affect the nephrons, which are the parts of the kidney that remove waste. These issues can be caused by genetics, injuries, or certain medicines. Other risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease. Over time, chronic kidney disease can make things worse. Common kidney problems include kidney stones, urine retention, and dysuria.

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Nephrolithiasis, also known as kidney stones or renal calculi, are hard crystal formed in the kidneys. Small stones often pass out of the

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