India’s quiet success against maritime drug trafficking along the Makran–Arabian Sea belt is not an accident. It is the result of an intelligence grid that treats narcotics at sea as a hard security problem, not a press conference opportunity. While Pakistan regularly highlights flashy seizures in joint statements and media events, India has spent the past decade building an infrastructure of radars, data, and partnerships that makes it harder for traffickers to hide—and harder for New Delhi to pretend it “did not know.”

At the core of this system is Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): knowing who is at sea, where, and doing what. India’s network links coastal radar stations, the Information Management and Analysis Centre (IMAC), and the Information Fusion Centre–Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR

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