Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of non-communicable disease (NCD) deaths in India, accounting for nearly 48% of all NCD mortality. [1] The risk of CVD in Indians is 3–4 times higher than that of White Americans, sixfold higher than that of Chinese, and twentyfold higher than that of the Japanese populations. Additionally, Indians tend to develop CVD at a younger age, highlighting the need to address factors beyond modifiable risk factors. Therefore, it seems prudent that CV risk should be managed more aggressively in Indian patients. [2]

Inherited and Causal CV Risk Factors: Inherited factors, such as a family history of ASCVD, premature ASCVD, low HDL-C, and causal risk drivers like elevated Lp(a), form the core of India’s residual cardiovascular risk profile. [3]

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