Turkey-Azerbaijan-India Relations: Geopolitical tensions have flared in recent months between India on one side and Turkey and Azerbaijan on the other. The antagonism is fuelled by a complex mix of historical alliances, regional ambitions and recent geopolitical realignments. While economic ties with India are nontrivial, both Turkey and Azerbaijan increasingly position themselves in ways that run counter to New Delhi’s strategic interests.

Turkey’s support for Pakistan has grown especially since India’s Operation Sindoor. When India obliterated nine terrorist targets in Pakistan and Pakistan‑administered Kashmir in early May following a deadly terror attack on tourists at Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir, Ankara condemned the strikes and warned of a risk of all‑out war. Turkish President R

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