Several of the world’s largest online services, including X, ChatGPT, and numerous websites that depend on Cloudflare for security and traffic routing, were disrupted on November 18, 2025, when a significant outage rippled across the internet . Users reported slow loading, broken pages, and complete downtime for platforms that typically handle billions of daily requests. As confusion mounted, Cloudflare’s Chief Technology Officer, Dane Knecht, posted a detailed explanation on Twitter, outlining the internal failure that cascaded into a global disruption.

In his message, Mr. Knecht acknowledged that Cloudflare had “failed” its customers and the broader internet. He emphasised that organisations across the world rely on Cloudflare to keep their websites and applications accessible, and on

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