The platypus is one of the most unusual mammals known to science, combining traits typically associated with birds, reptiles and aquatic animals. Among its distinctive features is a venom system found in adult males, which continues to attract zoologists, pharmacologists and medical researchers. Although cases of human envenomation remain infrequent, the severity of pain and the unusual composition of the venom have encouraged further investigation into its biological role and potential medical significance. As interest in rare venomous species expands and research tools evolve, the platypus has become a source of insight into how mammalian venom systems emerge, how their biochemical properties vary and how they influence clinical treatment strategies when exposure occurs. Adult male

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