The recent G20 summit, hosted in Johannesburg by South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, concluded amid significant tension. The adoption of a summit declaration, which addressed global challenges like climate change, was met with strong objections from the United States, sparking a diplomatic rift.

The absence of American endorsement was further complicated by Argentina's last-minute withdrawal from negotiations, driven by disagreements over the declaration's handling of geopolitical issues, notably the Middle East conflict.

As divisions emerged, EU leaders warned against geopolitical dependency, particularly referencing China's export policies on rare earths. Despite these challenges, South African officials maintained that sufficient consensus was reached among the remaining G20 memb

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