The Narendra Modi-led central government notified the four Labour Codes on Friday, pending since 2020. The move has been described by Prime Minister Narendra Modi as “one of the most comprehensive and progressive labour-oriented reforms since Independence.”

The four Codes -- the Code of Wages (2019, Industrial Relations Code (2020), Code on Social Security (2020) and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (2020), were passed by Parliament five years back -- to replace 29 fragmented laws with a unified and modern framework. It is reported that rules that will bring them into force with immediate effect will be issued shortly.

While the Codes overhaul 29 separate laws into a single structure, their provisions carry specific implications for mine workers, employees in hazar

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