In U.S. law, few issues highlight the tension between presidential authority and congressional oversight as vividly as the recent Supreme Court case challenging President Donald Trump’s imposition of sweeping tariffs. Argued on Nov. 5, this high-profile dispute centers on the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977, a statute designed to allow the president to address national emergencies involving foreign threats. The case, consolidated under titles like Trump v. V.O.S. Selections and Learning Resources Inc. v. Trump, involves challenges from businesses, importers, and a dozen states claiming that the tariffs exceed the law’s intended scope and encroach on Congress’s constitutional power to impose taxes and regulate commerce (Source: Oyez, 2025).

The IEEPA grants the presiden

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