Pakistan’s army chief consolidates power, advancing a cycle of military rule

When Field Marshal Asim Munir takes his new position as Pakistan’s first-ever “Chief of Defence Forces” Thursday, he will cement his status as the most powerful man in the country.

The new job was created after parliament passed a constitutional amendment this month that puts Field Marshal Munir also in control of Pakistan’s navy and air force, and grants him lifelong immunity from prosecution.

But though the title is new, there is a sense of history repeating itself. Since gaining independence in 1947, Pakistan has oscillated between civil and military rule. Military dictators have governed directly for 33 of the country’s 78-year history. For the other 45, the military has wielded its influence from the shadows, by making and breaking governments and manipulating politicians.

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