The concept of "horseshoe theory" has gained attention in recent years. This theory suggests that political extremes, such as communists and fascists, share more similarities with each other than with advocates of personal liberty and limited government. Essentially, the real divide in politics may not be between left and right, but rather between control and freedom.

This theory was illustrated during a recent meeting between President Donald Trump and New York City Mayor-elect Zohran Mamdani. The two leaders met in the Oval Office to discuss issues related to affordability and safety in New York City. Despite their previous contentious exchanges, which included name-calling, the meeting was described as cordial. Trump referred to Mamdani as “hopefully a really great mayor” and stated, “there’s no difference in party. There’s no difference in anything.” Mamdani echoed this sentiment, calling the meeting “productive” and highlighting a shared admiration.

The shift in tone between the two politicians is notable, especially given their past exchanges where they labeled each other with terms like “communist” and “fascist.” However, their recent dialogue focused on economic issues, particularly the cost of living, which may have contributed to their amicable interaction. Mamdani, a self-identified socialist, has advocated for city-run grocery stores, rent freezes, and increased taxes to fund public services. His ultimate goal includes “seizing the means of production,” a stance that aligns with socialist principles.

Conversely, Trump has led his party toward policies that some describe as “Republican socialism.” His administration has taken ownership stakes in private companies and implemented nationalist tariff policies aimed at encouraging domestic manufacturing. This approach suggests a belief that private economic decisions should be influenced by government direction, a view that resonates with Mamdani’s economic philosophy.

Both leaders’ policies indicate a preference for government control over economic matters. Friedrich Hayek, an economist, argued that economic control extends beyond mere sectors of life; it influences all aspects of society. He stated, “whoever has sole control of the means must also determine which ends are to be served.” This perspective highlights the potential dangers of state control over economic decisions.

While Mamdani openly embraces socialist ideals, Trump’s path to similar economic policies is rooted in his nationalism. His slogans, such as “Make America Great Again,” reflect a mindset that can lead to collectivist policies. Hayek noted that nationalistic thinking often bridges conservatism and collectivism, suggesting that Trump’s demands for companies to align with national interests echo Mamdani’s calls for collective good.

Despite their differences, both leaders prioritize a top-down approach to governance. They view society as a collective to be directed rather than as a collection of individuals with rights to make personal choices. While they may continue to clash politically, their fundamental beliefs about governance and economics may align more closely than previously thought.

In contrast, classical liberals and libertarians advocate for individual freedom and limited government. Historically, both major political parties in the U.S. have acknowledged these principles, but the rise of figures like Trump and Mamdani suggests a shift toward more collectivist ideologies. Their popularity as former outsiders who have garnered significant support raises concerns about the future of American politics, which may increasingly lean toward collectivism, whether through socialist or nationalist policies. The ongoing political battles may become less about fundamental differences and more about strategic advantages within a similar ideological framework.