In the ongoing battle to ensure food safety, government agencies continuously adapt their strategies to combat pervasive pathogens like Salmonella , E. coli , and Listeria . The evolution of these regulations reflects a complex journey from reactive outbreaks responses to proactive, science-based prevention, driven by advancing technology and a deepening understanding of microbial threats. The current landscape is marked by sophisticated surveillance, targeted enforcement, and new scientific discoveries that reveal how these pathogens evade the body’s defenses.

The Scientific Underpinnings of the Threat

The relentless pursuit of food safety is driven by the significant public health burden imposed by pathogenic bacteria. Among the most concerning are certain strains of E. coli, such as O

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