As tax bills made their way to property owners across Montana this fall, anecdotal reports about the impacts of the state’s landmark 2025 tax legislation — or, at least, its initial phase — spilled into headlines: lower bills for many homeowners, higher bills for some apartment complexes and sizable increases for at least some high-end homes.

The reworked tax code was aimed at tackling years of frustration over rising residential tax bills. Given the complexity of Montana’s sprawling tax system, however, proponents, opponents and taxpayers caught in the middle had been holding their breath to see whether the measures would work as intended.

Gov. Greg Gianforte, citing data compiled by his revenue department, said earlier this month that the new tax measure — which the Republican campaign

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