Genetically modified foods—often referred to as GM foods or GMOs (genetically modified organisms)—represent one of the most transformative and controversial developments in modern agriculture, biotechnology, and global food production. These foods are produced from organisms whose genetic material has been altered in ways that do not occur naturally through traditional breeding. Scientists use advanced genetic engineering techniques to introduce desirable traits into plants, animals, or microorganisms, such as resistance to pests, tolerance to herbicides, enhancement of nutritional content, or the ability to grow in difficult environmental conditions. The introduction of GM technology has significantly influenced farming systems, food supplies, pharmaceutical development, and international

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