Behind the hoopla over the promise of artificial intelligence lie difficult realities, including how such technology might affect people already disadvantaged in a data-driven world.

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A new report by the United Nations Development Program notes that most of the gains from AI are likely to be reaped by wealthy nations unless steps are taken to use its power to help close gaps in access to basic needs and advanced know-how.

The report released Tuesday likens the situation to the “Great Divergence” of the industrial revolution, when many Western countries saw rapid modernization while others fell behind.

Questions over how companies and other institutions will use AI are a near-

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