Over six lakh Indian students are currently studying in North America, including more than 2.5 lakh in the United States alone, even as the debate over immigration and policy shifts continues to intensify. According to data tabled by the MEA in the ongoing Lok Sabha Winter Session, a total of 2,55,247 Indian students are enrolled in the US, as of January 2025. The year following President Donald Trump’s inauguration in January has seen sweeping changes across the American immigration landscape. This includes tightened financial scrutiny and proposed visa caps to expanded border-control measures, and new legislative proposals affecting students, workers, and long-term residents.

It is against this backdrop of shifting immigration rules that two major legislative proposals have stood out in

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