Supporters of far-right presidential candidate Jose Antonio Kast, of the Republican Party, attend a rally ahead of the presidential runoff election in Temuco, Chile, on Thursday.

Eloísa González remembers the day the subway turnstiles marked a line in the sand in Chile .

As a university student in 2019, she was stationed at Santiago’s Los Leones metro, monitoring and supporting a protest against a fare hike led by high school students. The youth were jumping turnstiles as part of the campaign. But the protest escalated on Oct. 18, and thousands of people poured onto the streets in a massive demonstration against Chile’s neoliberal economic model that had created a deeply unequal country. The mobilization stretched on for months and became known as “ estallido social ” – the social ou

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