RUSI has published a paper (on December 12, 2025) saying, “Russia’s international customers for air defences should reassess the resilience of these systems to attacks, including cyberattacks, technical compromise and disruption of resupply in supply chains”. What specifically does this mean for the S-400 which India has acquired?

If we focus on S-400 , the first thing to consider is, what is the defence planning assumption that leads India to acquire this system? Primarily it is about India’s ability to defend itself from China. There is a secondary requirement to protect India from Pakistan, but China is the primary threat. If we look at the Russian defence industry as a whole, at the moment, about 70% of machine tooling is Chinese and (from) Russian defence concerns. Then if we look

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