Gum disease is one of the most common chronic health conditions in adults. For those 40 and older, it’s also the leading cause of premature tooth loss. Unlike cavities, which often cause sensitivity or pain, gum disease is silent. Because the infection starts under the gums, you may not notice symptoms right away.

There are two types of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is an early, reversible infection of the gums caused by bacteria and hardened plaque (calculus). Once the bacteria and calculus are removed, the gums can return to their healthy state. Think of it like a sliver in your skin: once it’s out, the redness and swelling go away.

Periodontitis is irreversible and develops when the infection reaches deeper structures: the gum tissue, the ligament holding the t

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