The Premier League's record transfer summer has had an acute impact on Germany, where even Bundesliga giants Bayern Munich have felt the impacts of English football's growing financial muscle.

Other than Liverpool signing Alexander Isak from rivals Newcastle, the top four most expensive Premier League arrivals this summer -- Florian Wirtz, Hugo Ekitike, Nick Woltemade and Benjamin Sesko -- all came from the Bundesliga.

A total of 380 million euros (£300 million, $446 million) plus bonuses was paid out on that quartet alone, with the two most expensive moving to the same club: Liverpool.

Premier League clubs spent more than three billion euros this summer: a record for a transfer window.

The shifting sands have led to debate about whether to pursue major structural reforms in Germany, l

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