Natarajan Balasubramanian is Albert and Betty Hill Endowed Professor at the Whitman School of Management. He is co-author, along with Ram Bala and Amit Joshi, of “The AI-Centered Enterprise: Reshaping Organizations With Context Aware AI” (CRC Press, 2025). Generative AI was used to help refine language in this commentary.

The release of GPT-5 sparked excitement — and some disappointment. Social media was abuzz with the familiar frenzy that now greets major artificial intelligence releases. Reviews were mixed, but what is clear is how far generative AI has come in the last three years. Models can now read entire documents rather than just paragraphs, make fewer errors and tackle more complex problems. They can even be customized for personal use — for example, it only takes a few minute

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