Karachi: Amnesty International has uncovered a sweeping surveillance architecture in Pakistan that enables authorities to monitor millions of citizens through advanced phone-tapping technology and a vast internet firewall. The human rights organization warned that these systems, among the most intrusive outside of China, have created a climate of fear and censorship, severely undermining democratic freedoms.

At the center of the revelations is the Lawful Intercept Management System (LIMS), which Amnesty says allows real-time monitoring of at least 4 million mobile phones simultaneously. Alongside it operates WMS 2.0, a powerful internet firewall capable of inspecting and restricting as many as 2 million online sessions at once. Together, these tools grant the state unprecedented capacit

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