The increasing role of carbon emissions in causing heat waves, floods, droughts and other extreme weather is becoming clearer, thanks to the growing field of climate attribution studies.

This research shows how much more likely — and severe — a particular weather disaster was because of climate change.

A new study by climate researchers in Europe and the U.S. and published in the journal Nature has taken this analysis further, by linking the deadliest type of disaster — heat waves — directly to major fossil fuel companies and their products.

The study looked at major heat waves that happened between 2000 and 2023, and the role of "carbon majors." These include state-owned companies (such as Gazprom in Russia or Saudi Aramco), investor-owned private companies (Shell, BP, Exx

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