When she succeeded Anthony Fauci as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Jeanne Marrazzo felt that she’d landed “probably the most important infectious-disease job in the world,” she told me. After decades of working in academia, she now had the power to influence, nationwide, the science she knew best—overseeing 4,500 employees at a $6.5 billion institute, the second largest by budget at the National Institutes of Health, the world’s largest public funder of biomedical research.

Marrazzo had been on the job for only a year and a half, however, when the Trump administration placed her on administrative leave. She lost access to the NIH campus and, at least through official channels, to her staff, she told me; she could no longer sign into her laptop o

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