“Political extremism and violence are not confined to either side of the political spectrum in the United States,” emphasizes James M. Curry, political scientist at the University of Notre Dame.

That’s borne out in recent U.S. history: Dylann Roof (2015 Charleston church shooting), James Alex Fields Jr. (2017 Charlottesville car attack), Cesar Sayoc (2018 mail-bombs), Robert Bowers (2018 Tree of Life synagogue shooting), Patrick Crusius (2019 El Paso Walmart massacre), David DePape (2022 attack on Pelosi home), and Vance Boelter (2025 Minneapolis assassinations), all appeared to be motivated, in part, by right-wing ideologies hostile to liberals (sometimes mixed with racial hatred and anti-government rhetoric).

In the other direction, Bill Ayers and Kathy Boudin (1960s-70s Weather Underg

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