Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement that pledges a collective military response in case of external aggression, a first-of-its-kind pact between the two Islamic powers that could reshape the strategic landscape of the Middle East and South Asia.

The agreement, inked during Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s state visit to Riyadh, marks the formal institutionalisation of long-standing military ties between the two nations. It comes amid intensifying global realignments, with Saudi Arabia apparently moving away from its traditional dependence on the United States for security, and toward a more diversified and nuclear-backed security arrangement.

A New Strategic Bloc Emerges

The joint statement described the pact as a “comprehensive defensive a

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