Pre-packaged salads have become a go-to for busy consumers looking for a quick, healthy meal. Sold in clamshells, bags, or ready-to-eat bowls, they appear fresh, colorful, and safe. Unfortunately, they are also one of the most frequent sources of large-scale food poisoning outbreaks in the United States.

Leafy greens such as romaine, spinach, and kale are highly susceptible to contamination by E. coli O157:H7 , Listeria monocytogenes , and Salmonella . These pathogens often originate in irrigation water or soil and can survive through harvesting, packaging, and distribution. Because salads are rarely cooked, bacteria aren’t destroyed before consumption.

Bagged salads in particular create an added challenge: once the leaves are cut and sealed, juices released from the produce create a moi

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