WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court on Monday allowed President Donald Trump to fire a leader of the Federal Trade Commission, setting up a court battle over a 90-year-old limit on executive power over independent agencies.

In an emergency order, a divided court announced that it would allow Trump, for now, to fire Rebecca Kelly Slaughter, an FTC commissioner, and that it would hear argument in the case in December, a signal that a majority of the court is ready to revisit a landmark precedent limiting presidential authority.

Trump had fired Slaughter and Alvaro Bedoya, two Democratic members of the FTC, in March. The federal agency, which enforces consumer protection and antitrust laws, typically has five commissioners — three from the president’s party and two from the opposing party.

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